REPORT TEXT

 Definition of Report
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis

Generic Structure of Report
1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials

Language Feature of Report
• Introducing group or general aspect
• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc

Cirri umum teks report:

(a)    Tujuan Komunikatif Teks: Menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis. Yang dideskripsikan dapat meliputi gajala alam, lingkungan, benda buatan manusia, atau gejala-gejala sosial. Deskripsi sebuah teks report dapat berupa simpulan umum, misalnya, ikan paus termasuk binatang mamalia karena ikan tersebut melahirkan anaknya. Untuk membuat laporan semacam ini, siswa perlu mengamati dan membandingkan ikan paus dengan binatang lainnya yang memiliki ciri-ciri yang sama. Siswa dapat mencoba membuat teks laporan tentang, misalnya, rumah sangat sederhana, warung tegal, sekolah, rumah sakit dsb. dengan mendekripsikan ciri-ciri subyek tersebut sehingga disebut rumah sederhana, dsb.

(b)    

(b) Struktur Teks: * Pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan klasifikasinya.(General Clasification) * Deskripsi lanjutan dari General Classification (Description:tells what the phenomenon under discussion ; in terms of parts, qualities, habits or behaviors).

NARATIVE TEXT : LUTUNG KASARUNG

Prabu Tapa Agung had led a kingdom in West Java for a long time. He was getting old and therefore wanted to choose a successor. But unfortunately, he had no son. He thought of choosing one of his daughters, Purbararang and Purbasari. But it wasn’t an easy choice. They were both very pretty and smart. The only difference was their temperament. Purbararang was rude and dishonest, while Purbasari was kind and caring. With those considerations, Prabu Tapa Agung finally chose Purbasari to be his successor.

Purbararang didn’t agree with her father’s decision. “It’s supposed to be me, Father. I’m the eldest daughter!” Purbararang said. Prabu Tapa Agung smiled. “Purbararang, to be a queen takes more than age. There are many other qualities that one must possess,” explained Prabu Tapa Agung wisely. “What does Purbasari have that I don’t?” Purbararang pouted. “You’ll find out when Purbasari has replaced me,” Prabu Tapa Agung answered.

After the discussion, Purbararang went back to her room. “Is there something wrong?” asked Indrajaya. Indrajaya is Purbararang’s future husband. “I’m upset! Father chose Purbasari as his successor and not me! I have to do something!” Purbararang said. Driven mad by her anger, she came to a witch and asked her to send rash all over Purbasari’s body. Before going to bed, Purbasari started to feel itch all over her body. She tried applying powder to her body, but it’s no use. Instead, the itching grew even worse. She didn’t want to scratch it, but she just couldn’t help it. In the next morning, there were scratch mark all over Purbasari’s body. “What happened to you?” asked Purbararang, pretending to be concerned. “I don’t know, sis. Last night, my body suddenly felt very itchy. I scratched and scratched, and this is what happened,” Purbasari answered. Purbararang shook her head. “You must have done something really awful. You’ve been punished by the gods!”

That day, the whole kingdom was scandalized. “What have you done, Purbasari?” demanded Prabu Tapa Agung. Purbasari shook her head. “I didn’t do anything that would upset the gods, Father,” she answered. “Then how can you explain what happened to your body?” Prabu Tapa Agung asked again. “If you don’t confess, I’ll banish you to the woods.” Purbasari took a deep breath. “Like I said before, I didn’t do anything wrong. And I’d rather be thrown into the woods than to confess to a deed I didn’t commit.”

After a short discussion with his advisor, Prabu Tapa Agung ordered Purbasari to be moved to the woods. Purbasari was very sad, but she couldn’t do anything to defy her father’s order. She was accompanied to the woods by a messenger. He built a simple hut for Purbasari. After the messenger left, suddenly a black monkey came to Purbasari’s hut. He carried a bunch of bananas. From behind him, some animals looked on. “Are the bananas for me?’ Purbasari asked. The black monkey nodded, as if he understood what Purbasari said. Purbasari took the bananas with pleasure. She also said thanks. The other animals that were looking on also seemed to smile. “Are you willing to be my friend?” Purbasari asked them. All the animals nodded happily. Although she was living by herself in the woods, Purbasari never lacked of supplies. Everyday, there were always animals bringing her fruits and fish to eat.

A long time had passed since Purbasari was banished to the woods, but her body still itched. At some places, her skin was even ulcerating. What am I supposed to do?” Purbasari sighed. The monkey who was sitting next to her stayed still, there were tears in his eyes. He hoped Purbasari would remain patient and strong.

One night, on a full moon, the monkey took Purbasari to a valley. There is a pond with hot spring water. The monkey suddenly spoke, “The water of this pond will heal your skin,” he said. Purbasari was surprised, ”You can talk? Who are you?” she asked. “You’ll find out, in time,” the monkey said. Purbasari didn’t want to force the monkey. She then walked to the pond. She bathed there. After a few hours, Purbasari walked out of the pond. She was shocked to see her face reflected on the clear pond water. Her face was beautiful again, with smooth and clean skin. Purbasari observed her entire body. There were no traces of any skin ailments. “I’m cured! I’m cured!” Purbasari shouted in joy. She quickly offered thanks to the gods and also to the monkey.

The news of Purbasari’s condition quickly spread to the kingdom, irritating Purbararang. She then accompanied by Indrajaya go to the woods to see Purbasari. Purbasari asked if she would be allowed to go home. Purbararang said she would let Purbasari return to the palace if Purbasari’s hair were longer than hers. Purbararang then let her hair down. It was so long, it almost touched the ground. But it turned out that Purbasari’s hair was twice longer than Purbararang’s hair.

“Fine, so your hair is longer than mine.” Purbararang admitted. “But there is one more condition you must fulfill, do you have a future husband who is handsomer than mine?” said Purbararang as she walked toward Indrajaya. Purbasari felt miserable. She didn’t have a future husband yet. So, without much thought, she pulled the black monkey beside her.

Purbararang and Indrajaya burst out, but their laughter didn’t last long. The monkey meditates and suddenly transformed into a very handsome young man, a lot more handsome than Indrajaya. “I’m a prince from a kingdom far away. I was cursed to be a monkey because of a mistake I committed. I could regain my true form only if there’s a girl who would be willing to be my wife,” said the young man.

Finally, Purbararang gave up. She accepted Purbasari as the queen, and also confessed everything she had done. “Please forgive me. Please don’t punish me,” Purbararang said, asking for forgiveness. Instead of being angry, Purbasari smiled. “I forgive you, sis,” she said. Soon after, Purbasari become queen. Beside her was the handsome prince, the former monkey known as Lutung Kasarung.***

SPOOF : THE ZOO JOB STORY

EXAMPLE SPOOF

One day a clown was visiting the zoo and attempted to earn some money by making a street performance. He acted and mimed perfectly some animal acts. As soon as he started to drive a crowd, a zoo keeper grabbed him and dragged him into his office. The zoo keeper explained to the clown that the zoo's most popular gorilla had died suddenly and the keeper was fear that attendance at the zoo would fall off. So he offered the clown a job to dress up as the gorilla until the zoo could get another one. The clown accepted this great opportunity.
So the next morning the clown put on the gorilla suit and entered the cage before the crowd came. He felt that it was a great job. He could sleep all he wanted, played and made fun of people and he drove bigger crowds than he ever did as a clown. He pretended the gorilla successfully.
However, eventually the crowds were tired of him for just swinging on tires. He began to notice that the people were paying more attention to the lion in the next cage. Not wanting to lose the attention of his audience, he decided to make a spectacular performance. He climbed to the top of his cage, crawled across a partition, and dangled from the top to the lion's cage. Of course, this made the lion furious, but the crowd people loved it.
At the end of the day the zoo keeper came and gave him a raise for being such a good attraction. Well, this went on for some time, he kept taunting the lion, the audience crowd grew a larger, and his salary kept going up. Then one terrible day happened. When he was dangling over the furious lion, he slipped and fell into the lion cage. The clown was really in big terrible situation. He was terrified.
Sooner the lion gathered itself and prepared to pounce. The clown was so scared. He could do nothing and he began to run round and round the cage with the lion close and closer behind. Finally, the lion could catch him. The clown started screaming and yelling, "Help me, help me!", but the lion was quick and pounces. The clown soon found himself flat on his back looking up at the angry lion and suddenly he heard a voice from the lion’s mouth;"Shut up you idiot! Do you want to get us both fired?".

TENSES AND CONJUGATION

Tenses and Conjugation

Using correct verb forms is crucial to communicating coherently. Understanding how to apply different tenses and properly conjugate verbs will give you the tools with which to craft clear, effective sentences.

Conjugations

A conjugation is a list of verb forms. It catalogues the person, number, tense, voice, and mood of a verb. Knowing how to conjugate verbs correctly will help you match verbs with their subjects, and give you a firmer grasp on how verbs function in different sentences. Here is a sample conjugation table:

Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood: Jump

Person	Singular	Plural
1st Person	I jump	we jump
2nd Person	you jump	you jump
3rd Person	he/she/it jumps	they jump

Person: Person is divided into three categories (first, second, and third person), and tells the reader whether the subject is speaking, is spoken to, or is spoken about. Each person is expressed using different subjects: first person uses I or we; second person uses you; and third person uses he/she/it or they. Keep in mind that these words are not the only indicators of person; for example in the sentence “Shakespeare uses images of the divine in his sonnets to represent his own delusions of grandeur”, the verb uses is in the third person because Shakespeare could be replaced by he, an indicator of the third person.

                                               

Number: Number refers to whether the verb is singular or plural.

Tense: Tense tells the reader when the action of a verb takes place. English has six tenses: Present, Past, Future (the Simple Tenses), and Present Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect (the Perfect Tenses). Each of these tenses has another form, called the Progressive. Tenses will be further discussed below.

Voice: The voice of a verb shows whether the subject of the verb is performing an action or is being acted upon. In the active voice, the subject of the verb performs an action; in the passive voice, the subject of the verb is being acted upon. For example:

            Active Voice:   Socrates asserts that humans inherently know everything.

            Passive Voice: The assertion that humans inherently know everything is made by Socrates.

Note that the word by is not part of the verb; however, by often accompanies verbs in the passive voice.

Mood: The mood of a verb denotes the attitude of the speaker. English verbs can take one of three moods: indicative, imperative, or subjunctive.

            Indicative: The indicative mood is used to express questions and statements.

                        Example: Approximately 30,000 people speak Irish as their native language.

            Imperative: The imperative mood is used to give commands or directions.

                        Example: Eat your beets!

Subjunctive: The subjunctive mood is used to express a wish, a request, a requirement, or a condition that is contrary to fact. Often, subjunctives are accompanied by the helping verbs would, could, or should.

Example: I would ride the bus to school if I lived on the bus line.

Tenses

 

Tenses tell when the action of the verb takes place. Using tenses correctly and consistently improves the readability of your writing. English has six tenses, each of which has a Progressive form. The Simple and Perfect tenses address action as a whole; these actions have a foreseeable beginning and end. The Progressive forms of these tenses convey motion, continuous action, or an action that is currently in progress. Use a form of the verb to be, such as am, were, been, etc., and add -ing to the main verb to construct the Progressive, e.g. she cried (Past tense) becomes she was crying (Past Progressive). Definitions and conjugations of all six tenses are on the reverse of this handout.

Present Tense

Use the Present tense to show actions that happen in the present or are habitual.

Present (Tense), Active (Voice), Indicative (Mood): Eat

Person	Singular	Plural		Present: The liquid nitrogen boils over. Present Progressive: The liquid nitrogen is boiling over.
1st Person	I eat	we eat
2nd Person	you eat	you eat
3rd Person	he/she/it eats	they eat

Past Tense

Use the Past tense to show actions that happened before the present moment.

Past, Active, Indicative: Eat

Person	Singular	Plural		Past: Castaway Carl walked the plank. Past Progressive: Castaway Carl was walking the plank.
1st Person	I ate	we ate
2nd Person	you ate	you ate
3rd Person	he/she/it ate	they ate

Future Tense

Use the Future tense to show actions that will happen in the future.

Future, Active, Indicative: Eat

Person	Singular	Plural		Future: I will explore animism in John Keats' Ode on a Grecian Urn. Future Progressive: I will be exploring animism in John Keats' Ode on a Grecian Urn.
1st Person	I will eat	we will eat
2nd Person	you will eat	you will eat
3rd Person	he/she/it will eat	they will eat

Present Perfect Tense

Use the Present Perfect tense to show that the action of the verb has been completed in the past but is linked to the present.

Present Perfect, Active, Indicative: Eat

Person	Singular	Plural		Present Perfect: She has called the doctor. Present Perfect Progressive: She has been calling the doctor.
1st Person	I have eaten	we have eaten
2nd Person	you have eaten	you have eaten
3rd Person	he/she/it has eaten	they have eaten

Past Perfect

Use the Past Perfect tense to show an action that was completed prior to another action that took place in the past.

Past Perfect, Active, Indicative: Eat

Person	Singular	Plural		Past Perfect: President Lincoln had attended the theatre regularly before his assassination. Past Perfect Progressive: President Lincoln had been attending the theatre regularly before his assassination.
1st Person	I had eaten	we had eaten
2nd Person	you had eaten	you had eaten
3rd Person	he/she/it had eaten	they had eaten

Future Perfect

Use the Future Perfect tense to show an action that will be completed prior to another action that will take place in the future.

Future Perfect, Active, Indicative: Eat

Person	Singular	Plural		Future Perfect: We will have designed the poster in three days. Future Perfect Progressive: We will have been designing the poster for three days.
1st Person	I will have eaten	we will have eaten
2nd Person	you will have eaten	you will have eaten
3rd Person	he/she/it will have eaten	they will have eaten

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb.

Present, Active, Indicative: Grow

Person	Singular	Plural
1st Person	I _______	we _______
2nd Person	you _______	you_______
3rd Person	he/she/it _______	they _______

Past, Active, Indicative: Grow

Person	Singular	Plural
1st Person	I _______	we _______
2nd Person	you _______	you_______
3rd Person	he/she/it _______	they _______

Present Perfect, Active, Indicative: Grow

Person	Singular	Plural
1st Person	I _______	we _______
2nd Person	you _______	you_______
3rd Person	he/she/it _______	they _______

Future, Active, Indicative: Grow

Person	Singular	Plural
1st Person	I _______	we _______
2nd Person	you _______	you_______
3rd Person	he/she/it _______	they _______

Past Perfect, Active, Indicative: Grow

Person	Singular	Plural
1st Person	I _______	we _______
2nd Person	you _______	you_______
3rd Person	he/she/it _______	they _______

Future Perfect, Active, Indicative: Grow

Person	Singular	Plural
1st Person	I _______	we _______
2nd Person	you _______	you_______
3rd Person	he/she/it _______	they _______

Here is a sample paragraph from a student self-evaluation. Some of the verb tenses are correct; some are incorrect. Find the incorrect verbs and fix their tenses. Remember to consider the tenses of other verbs in the sentence; these may give you clues about the correct tense.

            This is the final quarter of my junior year at Evergreen. I enter spring quarter with a deep desire to create. After spending the first two quarters of the year analyzing other people’s art, I was more than ready to start making my own. I wanted the opportunity to write creatively and to explore the immediate world around me, not just dusty world of past events. In Take A Look, I was afford the opportunity to do this and much more. From the first day of class, I challenge to reawaken my senses, experience the world with an objective and open mind, and, above all, to use these as tools in creating effective art. We will require to write profusely, writing response papers for every day of class, as well as larger synthesis and reflection papers. We had drawing workshops every week, in which we learned useful techniques on how to create convincing art. Perhaps the most influential element of the class, however, is the weekly field site observation, during which we utilized all of our new powers of perception.

For more practice, pick a paragraph from a book, newspaper, or magazine you are reading. Choose a tense and change all verbs in that paragraph to the tense you select.